Gas leak detection is a crucial aspect of safe production, energy transportation, and environmental protection. Whether it is the use of household gas or the management of industrial gas equipment, timely detection of leaks can effectively prevent the risks of fire, explosion, and environmental pollution. This article will systematically review the commonly used detection technologies to help users select the optimal solution based on their specific scenarios.

I. Traditional Detection Methods: Simple and Efficient Preliminary Screening

1. Olfactory Identification Method

Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas is usually added with odorants such as hydrogen sulfide, which produces an odor similar to that of "rotten eggs" when there is a leak. This method relies on human senses and is suitable for rapid early warning in household environments. However, it may become ineffective due to olfactory fatigue in the case of minor leaks or long - term exposure.

2. Soap Solution Smearing Method

Apply dishwashing liquid or soap solution to the pipe joints, valves, and other potential leak points. If continuous bubbles appear, it confirms the presence of a leak. This method is simple to operate and low - cost, making it particularly suitable for regular self - inspections by household users. However, its sensitivity to minor leaks is limited.

3. Gas Meter Observation Method

After turning off all gas appliances, observe whether the last digit of the gas meter changes continuously. If the pointer moves, it indicates a potential leak. This method needs to be combined with other detection means to locate the specific leak point.

 

II. Technology - Driven Methods: Professional Tools for Precise Location

1. Ultrasonic Detection Technology

This method captures the high - frequency sound waves (above 20 kHz) generated during gas leaks and uses sensors for signal amplification and analysis. It is not affected by environmental noise and is suitable for online monitoring of industrial equipment. However, it requires a high level of technical expertise from the operators.

2. Infrared Imaging Leak Detection Method

Based on the infrared absorption characteristics of specific gases (such as SF6), a thermal imager is used to scan the temperature field distribution on the surface of the equipment. When there is a gas leak, the local area will show an abnormal image due to the change in heat absorption. This technology enables non - contact detection and is widely used in the maintenance of power equipment.

3. Tracer Gas Analysis Method

Inert tracer gases such as helium are injected into the pipeline, and a mass spectrometer is used to track the diffusion path of the gas. This method has a sensitivity of up to one - millionth concentration level and is suitable for the precise location of leaks in complex pipeline network systems. However, it requires support from professional equipment.

 

III. Intelligent Monitoring Systems: Innovative Solutions for Real - Time Protection

1. Combustible Gas Alarm

Install fixed or portable detectors to monitor the concentration of combustible gases in the environment in real - time. When the concentration exceeds the safety threshold, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. Some high - end devices support data networking and uploading to the monitoring center. It is recommended that household users choose products with national explosion - proof certification.

2. Pressure Change Monitoring Method

Pressure sensors are used to record the pressure fluctuations in a closed system, and algorithms are used to analyze the leak rate. This method is commonly used for the automatic monitoring of transmission pipelines and requires temperature compensation technology to improve accuracy.

3. Multi - Parameter Fusion Detection

Multi - dimensional sensing data such as sound waves, temperature, and concentration are integrated, and artificial intelligence models are used to identify leak characteristics. For example, voiceprint analysis is used to distinguish between environmental noise and leak signals, significantly reducing the false alarm rate. In industrial scenarios, such systems can reduce more than 90% of the downtime for maintenance and inspection.

 

IV. Emergency Response and Prevention Mechanisms

When a leak is detected, the emergency response plan should be immediately activated:

1. Close the main gas valve and open the doors and windows for ventilation.

2. Avoid triggering electrical switches or using open flames.

3. Evacuate personnel to a safe area and then contact professional repair services.

Regular maintenance is the core measure for preventing leaks. It is recommended that household users check the hose connections every six months, and industrial equipment should be inspected annually in accordance with national standards. Cutting - edge technologies such as new graphene sensors are being developed, which will enable more accurate real - time monitoring in the future.

By comprehensively applying traditional methods and modern technologies, a multi - level protection system can be established. Household users can focus on olfactory early warning and simple physical detection, while the industrial sector should establish an automated monitoring network. With the development of smart IoT technology, gas leak detection is continuously evolving towards real - time and precise detection, providing stronger protection for safety.