I. Standardized Construction of Online Monitoring System

The online monitoring system for water pollution sources is the core facility for water quality supervision and must strictly follow technical specifications. The system includes automatic monitoring equipment for parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), ammonia nitrogen (NH3 - N), total phosphorus (TP), pH, and flow, covering water quality sampling, flow measurement, data analysis, and transmission modules. According to the HJ 353 - 2019 standard, the construction requirements are as follows:

- Monitoring Station Room: The area should be no less than 15 square meters, equipped with a temperature control system, lightning protection and grounding device, and an independent regulated power supply to ensure the operating environment of the equipment.

- Flow Monitoring Unit: Standardized metering weirs and flumes (such as Parshall flumes and triangular thin - wall weirs) are used to ensure the accurate collection of drainage volume data.

- Sampling and Debugging: The automatic water quality sampler should meet the requirements for mixed water samples. The equipment should pass the 24 - hour drift test (error ≤ ±10%) and the comparison with actual water samples (an absolute error of ±5mg is allowed for low - concentration samples).

After the system is installed, it needs to run for a trial period of 30 days. The data transmission rate should reach over 90%, and a complete debugging report and acceptance record should be submitted.

 

II. Operation, Maintenance, and Quality Control

According to the HJ 355 - 2019 specification, the operation of the system needs to be guaranteed by a professional operation and maintenance team. The key points include:

- Daily Maintenance: Regularly calibrate the instruments, clean the sampling pipelines, and check the power supply and communication equipment to prevent data drift or transmission interruption.

- Quality Control: Conduct weekly quality control tests using standard samples to ensure that the monitoring error of parameters such as CODCr and ammonia nitrogen is less than ±5%.

- Abnormal Handling: Establish a fault emergency mechanism. Equipment faults should be repaired within 48 hours, and maintenance records should be kept.

 

III. Intelligent Dynamic Control Technology

Integrate multi - dimensional data through the intelligent monitoring platform to achieve dynamic control of total emissions:

- Tracing Analysis: Deploy automatic guided patrol machines to investigate sewage discharge points, and combine with the hydrological model to locate the pollution source.

- Pollution Early Warning: Use big - data analysis to predict the trend of water quality changes, trigger an over - standard alarm, and link with the environmental protection department for a response.

- River - Chief System Linkage: Build a collaborative supervision network for the river basin, and strengthen regional water environment governance through water quality assessment and responsibility tracing.

 

IV. Innovation in Water Quality Monitoring Technology

- Full - process Detection: The water quality monitoring machine integrates sensing technologies such as spectroscopy and electrochemistry, covering more than 50 indicators including heavy metals and organic matter.

- Emergency Monitoring: Use portable equipment to achieve a three - level rapid response, and complete the identification of pollutant types and toxicity assessment within 30 minutes.

- Data Verification: Through the linkage between the monitoring center and the on - site terminal, realize multiple data verification and feedback control functions to prevent human interference.

 

V. System Integration and Application Value

The water pollution source monitoring system integrates modules of automatic monitoring, intelligent analysis, and management assessment, forming a closed - loop of "monitoring - early warning - governance":

- Multi - source Data Fusion: Integrate data on pollution sources, river basin hydrology, and meteorology to support accurate pollution control decisions.

- Standardized Management: Unify equipment selection and installation specifications to improve the comparability of data and the effectiveness of law - enforcement evidence.

- Ecological Benefits: The water quality compliance rate in key areas has increased by over 30%, and the annual illegal discharge of industrial wastewater has been reduced by more than one million tons.

 

Through standardized construction, intelligent operation and maintenance, and technological innovation, the water pollution source monitoring system has become a key support for improving water environment quality, providing long - term guarantee for ecological protection and sustainable development.