Soil environmental monitoring is a systematic project that evaluates the quality status of soil and predicts pollution trends through quantitative analysis of key soil indicators.. are. are used to quantitatively analyze key soil indicators. As an important part of the ecological environmental protection system, its technical process covers aspects such as site layout design, sample collection, laboratory analysis, and data evaluation, and it plays a fundamental role in fields such as sustainable agricultural development and pollution prevention and control.

 

I. Technical Implementation Process

Soil environmental monitoring usually consists of six standardized stages:

1. Pre - project planning: Develop a plan according to the monitoring objectives (such as farmland safety, industrial land evaluation, etc.), and clarify the types of pollutants and the requirements for detection accuracy.

2. Site layout: Adopt the principle of grid - based site layout. Use the simple random method, block random method, or systematic random method to ensure the scientific nature of the sampling spatial distribution. For example, in farmland monitoring, sampling points should be arranged according to a grid density of 2.5 - 40 kilometers, and at least 3 sampling points should be set in each unit.

3. Sample collection: Use professional soil drilling tools to obtain undisturbed samples at the specified depth (0 - 20 cm plow layer or specific pollution layer) to avoid cross - contamination.

4. Sample processing: Perform pre - treatment such as natural air - drying, grinding, and sieving (through a 100 - mesh standard sieve) to ensure the uniformity and representativeness of the substances to be detected.

5. Laboratory testing: Determine the content of heavy metals and organic pollutants using instruments such as atomic absorption spectrometers and gas chromatographs, and conduct comprehensive analysis in combination with physical and chemical indicators such as pH value and electrical conductivity.

6. Quality evaluation: Refer to the standards of the "Technical Specifications for Soil Environmental Monitoring", compile a professional report including pollution level determination and risk assessment. The whole cycle takes about 10 working days.

 

II. Core Monitoring Types

According to the application scenarios, it can be divided into four categories:

- Background value monitoring: Establish a regional soil element baseline database to provide a reference for environmental quality evaluation.

- Agricultural production monitoring: Focus on detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and the soil acidity and alkalinity to guide precise fertilization and crop layout and prevent soil compaction and acidification.

- Engineering project monitoring: Conduct pollution impact evaluation on construction projects such as industrial land and mining areas to identify characteristic pollutants such as arsenic, cadmium, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

- Pollution accident monitoring: Quickly identify the scope of pollution in emergencies such as chemical spills and provide data support for remediation projects.

 

III. Technological Innovation and Quality Control System

Modern monitoring technologies integrate various means such as chemical analysis, biosensing, and satellite remote sensing. Among them, hyperspectral remote sensing technology can achieve rapid surveys of heavy metals in large - area soils. Quality control runs through the entire process, including quality control measures such as blank sample comparison and parallel sample testing, ensuring that the data error rate is less than 5%.

 

IV. Ecological Value and Industry Applications

In the agricultural field, monitoring data can guide the establishment of a scientific crop rotation system and improve the quality grade of cultivated land; in environmental governance, it can trace industrial pollution sources and evaluate the remediation effect. Relevant data can also provide a decision - making basis for government departments to formulate soil pollution prevention and control regulations and delimit ecological red lines.

 

Through the construction of a systematic monitoring network, it can not only effectively warn of the risk of soil degradation but also promote the rational use of land resources, laying a technical foundation for the construction of an ecological civilization system. Technological progress in this field will continuously promote the transformation of pollution prevention and control from end - treatment to full - process management.